%PDF-1.4 % 28 0 obj <>stream /OC /MC1 BDC /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n 0 .587 .653 rg /GS1 gs 28.346 802.205 28.347 39.835 re f EMC EMC /OC /MC3 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F3 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 33.6497 804.5472 Tm 1 g 0 Tc 0 Tw (74)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC5 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F4 1 Tf 10.288 0 0 10.288 348.9375 802.1162 Tm 0 g -.0975 Tw [(Soft Dr)-44.9(inks)]TJ /TT2 1 Tf 9.553 0 0 9.553 399.5062 802.1162 Tm .0278 Tw [( Internationa)]TJ 8.818 0 0 8.818 449.3847 802.1162 Tm [(l )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 8.083 0 0 8.083 466.506 802.1162 Tm .0202 Tw (October/November 2019)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC7 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 21.6 0 0 24 70.2436 801.63 Tm 0 .587 .653 rg .0212 Tw (TESTING AND ANALYSIS)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC9 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F1 1 Tf 24 0 0 24 28.8405 689.1848 Tm .188 0 .408 rg .0182 Tw (the importance of )Tj 0 -1 TD (measurement in soft drinks)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC11 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F5 1 Tf 40 0 0 40 28.3464 729.1851 Tm -.0166 Tc 0 Tw (Oxygen)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC13 BDC /Artifact <>BDC 0 .587 .653 RG 1 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [.001 2.0026 ].001 d 355.658 780.177 m 355.658 36.196 l S 0 .587 .653 rg q 1 0 0 1 355.158 780.186 cm 0 0 m 0 .132 .052 .259 .146 .353 c .24 .447 .367 .5 .5 .5 c .632 .5 .759 .447 .853 .353 c .947 .259 1 .132 1 0 c 1 -.1331 .947 -.26 .853 -.354 c .759 -.448 .632 -.5001 .5 -.5001 c .367 -.5001 .24 -.448 .146 -.354 c .052 -.26 0 -.1331 0 0 c f* Q q 1 0 0 1 355.158 35.188 cm 0 0 m 0 .133 .052 .26 .146 .354 c .24 .447 .367 .5001 .5 .5001 c .632 .5001 .759 .447 .853 .354 c .947 .26 1 .133 1 0 c 1 -.133 .947 -.26 .853 -.3531 c .759 -.4471 .632 -.5 .5 -.5 c .367 -.5 .24 -.4471 .146 -.3531 c .052 -.26 0 -.133 0 0 c f* Q EMC EMC /OC /MC15 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT 24.305 0 0 24.305 156.23 627.3611 Tm 0 g 0 Tc (A)Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 172.105 637.8611 Tm -.0329 Tw [(t any stage during production or)54.9(, more likely)74(, )]TJ 0 -1.2353 TD -.003 Tw (during filling and capping, air might get into )Tj -1.8676 -1.2353 TD .1918 Tw [(a soft drink package. Depending on the bever)36.9(-)]TJ T* .0025 Tw [(age)54.9(s composition, significant levels of dissolved )]TJ T* -.0129 Tw (oxygen may have a considerable impact on a soft )Tj T* .3561 Tw [(drink)54.9(s quality and shelf life. T)91.8(o)0( address all )]TJ T* .2984 Tw (aspects of this topic requires considering not )Tj T* .0278 Tw (only the drink itself, but also the package type. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0111 Tc .1924 Tw (Many soft drinks contain ingredients such as )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1334 Tw (fruit juices, pulp, or vitamins that are subject to )Tj T* .3241 Tw (oxidation. Elevated levels of dissolved oxygen )Tj T* 0 Tw (\(O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 165.4846 521.511 Tm 0 Tc (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 167.8003 522.3611 Tm -.0111 Tc .0181 Tw (\) in these soft drinks may cause changes in the )Tj -1.3612 -1.2353 TD -.0243 Tw [(beverage)54.9(s aroma and taste, changes in colour)54.9(, and )]TJ T* .2394 Tw (the loss of nutritional value. The more oxygen )Tj T* .0638 Tw [(there is in the beverage container)54.9(, be it dissolved )]TJ T* .0666 Tw (in the beverage or gaseous in the head space, the )Tj T* .0493 Tw (faster the oxidation takes place. Oxidation is also )Tj T* .2441 Tw (enhanced by elevated temperatures. Over time, )Tj T* .0406 Tw (dissolved oxygen is consumed in these beverages )Tj T* .1709 Tw (by oxidation, and the depletion in the liquid is )Tj T* .0278 Tw (compensated by head space oxygen. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0588 Tw (Soft drinks are available in numerous different )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1131 Tw (packages. While non-carbonated soft drinks may )Tj T* .4138 Tw (also be sold in packages such as cartons or )Tj T* .024 Tw (pouches, carbonated soft drinks are usually pack-)Tj T* .0278 Tw (aged in bottles and cans. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 171.7485 364.011 Tm (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 174.0643 364.8611 Tm -.0111 Tc .0921 Tw [( in a beverage container is always accompa-)]TJ -2.0982 -1.2353 TD -.0328 Tw (nied by nitrogen \(N)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 229.6306 353.511 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 231.9464 354.3611 Tm -.0111 Tc -.0328 Tw (\) as these are the main compo-)Tj -8.9078 -1.2353 TD .1955 Tw [(nents of air)54.9(, but only oxygen is the component )]TJ T* -.0063 Tc .4122 Tw (that may interfere with beverage ingredients. )Tj T* -.0111 Tc .0386 Tw (Nitrogen remains in a package even if the oxygen )Tj T* -.0256 Tw (content decreases over time due to oxidation reac-)Tj T* .0278 Tw (tions. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0203 Tw (The solubility of both O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 257.1629 290.511 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 259.4787 291.3611 Tm -.0111 Tc .0203 Tw [( and N)]TJ 4.25 0 0 4.25 285.2337 290.511 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 287.5493 291.3611 Tm -.0111 Tc .0203 Tw [( in beverages is )]TJ -15.4493 -1.2353 TD .0871 Tw [(low)74(. Thus, the majority of both gases is found in )]TJ T* .0907 Tw (the head space. At higher temperatures the solu-)Tj T* .0684 Tw (bility decreases and more gas accumulates in the )Tj T* .1519 Tw (head space. This leads to a risk of an increased )Tj T* .326 Tw (internal pressure, especially during pasteurisa-)Tj T* -.0221 Tw [(tion, but also during the product)54.9(s entire shelf life. )]TJ ET EMC EMC /OC /MC17 BDC /Artifact <>BDC [.001 2.0041 ].001 d /GS1 gs 146.164 643.051 m 146.164 225.204 l S 0 .587 .653 rg q 1 0 0 1 145.664 643.07 cm 0 0 m 0 .133 .053 .26 .146 .354 c .24 .4471 .367 .5 .5 .5 c .633 .5 .76 .4471 .853 .354 c .947 .26 1 .133 1 0 c 1 -.132 .947 -.26 .853 -.3529 c .76 -.447 .633 -.5 .5 -.5 c .367 -.5 .24 -.447 .146 -.3529 c .053 -.26 0 -.132 0 0 c f* Q q 1 0 0 1 145.664 224.185 cm 0 0 m 0 .133 .053 .26 .146 .353 c .24 .447 .367 .5 .5 .5 c .633 .5 .76 .447 .853 .353 c .947 .26 1 .133 1 0 c 1 -.133 .947 -.26 .853 -.354 c .76 -.447 .633 -.5 .5 -.5 c .367 -.5 .24 -.447 .146 -.354 c .053 -.26 0 -.133 0 0 c f* Q EMC EMC /OC /MC19 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F5 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 365.7866 500.1814 Tm 0 g -.0166 Tc .0201 Tw [(The package material can make a difference )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 365.4089 489.6814 Tm -.0111 Tc .1061 Tw (The most frequently used polymer for soft drink )Tj T* .1104 Tw (bottles is polyethylene terephthalate \(PET\) )Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 534.5101 481.8689 Tm 0 Tw ([1])Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 539.562 479.1814 Tm .1104 Tw (. As )Tj -20.4886 -1.2353 TD .1839 Tw (PET has a certain degree of gas permeability )Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 547.9155 471.3689 Tm 0 Tw ([2])Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 552.9675 468.6814 Tm (, )Tj -22.0657 -1.2353 TD .138 Tw (PET bottles allow the ingress of oxygen through )Tj T* .0132 Tw (the package walls and closure over time )Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 520.6101 450.3689 Tm 0 Tw ([3])Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 525.6619 447.6814 Tm .0132 Tw [( \(Figure )]TJ -18.8533 -1.2353 TD .0456 Tw [(1\). T)91.8(o)0( a much smaller extent, oxygen can also get )]TJ T* .269 Tw (into glass bottles at the closure/glass interface. )Tj T* .0306 Tw (The oxygen ingress was found to be 2.1 mg to 2.5 )Tj T* .0323 Tw (mg per year )Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 413.2775 408.3689 Tm 0 Tw ([4])Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 418.3293 405.6814 Tm .0323 Tw (. Sealed beverage cans hardly allow )Tj -6.2259 -1.2353 TD .0713 Tw (any oxygen ingress at all. Nevertheless, also here )Tj T* -.0392 Tw (oxygen has to be monitored as it may enter the can )Tj T* .3151 Tw (during the production and filling process and )Tj T* .0278 Tw (harm the beverage as well as the can. )Tj T* 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj /F5 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 416.8481 342.6814 Tm .0202 Tw (The impact of O)Tj 5 0 0 5 487.2642 341.6814 Tm 0 Tw (2)Tj 10 0 0 10 490.0392 342.6814 Tm .0202 Tw [( on )]TJ -8.5113 -1.05 TD (soft drinks in PET bottles )Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 365.4089 321.6814 Tm -.0111 Tc .1607 Tw (Only samples with similar head space to liquid )Tj 0 -1.2353 TD .1126 Tw (ratios are eligible for investigation to avoid erro-)Tj T* -.0078 Tw (neous conclusions. Measurement results obtained )Tj T* .1887 Tw (on beverages without oxidisable components in )Tj T* -.0364 Tw (PET bottles over a period of several weeks showed )Tj T* .1775 Tw (an increase of dissolved oxygen \(Figure 1\). The )Tj T* .2036 Tw (PET bottles under consideration came from the )Tj T* .0588 Tw (same batch and were shaken to establish equilib-)Tj T* .0278 Tw (rium between head space and liquid. )Tj T* 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj /F5 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 366.1664 216.6814 Tm -.0111 Tc .0202 Tw (The impact of oxygen on soft drinks in cans )Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 365.4089 206.1814 Tm .1362 Tw (Oxygen can cause changes to beverages in cans, )Tj T* .2573 Tw (depending on the beverage composition as the )Tj T* .3866 Tw [(four examples in Figure 2 show)74(. Only water )]TJ T* -.0214 Tw (showed no changes in the dissolved O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 510.603 173.8314 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 512.9189 174.6814 Tm -.0111 Tc -.0214 Tw [( concentra-)]TJ -17.3541 -1.2353 TD .0527 Tw (tion as there are no components present that oxi-)Tj T* 0 Tw (dise. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0318 Tw [( A metallic taste in a beverage may be due to the )]TJ -1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0017 Tw (presence of oxygen in the can. High oxygen levels )Tj T* .1695 Tw (contribute to an enhanced risk of can corrosion )Tj T* .0066 Tw [(processes such as an increased risk regarding per)36.8(-)]TJ T* .0278 Tw (foration and metal uptake \(Figure 3\). )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1693 Tw (Air content and metal pickup were shown to )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0571 Tw (correlate by comparing two groups of aluminium )Tj T* .088 Tw (cans, filled with test solutions with an increased )Tj T* .1375 Tw (or standard air level. Also the variance, as indi-)Tj T* -.0353 Tw [(cated by the orange-coloured bar)54.9(, was much wider )]TJ T* .0278 Tw (with Group 1 \(increased air level\). )Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC21 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F6 1 Tf 15 0 0 15 28.4252 568.8203 Tm .188 0 .408 rg 0 Tc .0212 Tw (Georg Janen )Tj 0 -1.2667 TD (and Dr. Karin )Tj T* (Biebernik assess )Tj T* (the impact of )Tj T* (oxygen in )Tj T* 0 Tw (beverages.)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC23 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 365.59 780.185 189.922 -241 re 96.285 473.82 m W* n 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS1 gs q 192.08 0 0 255.202 366.198 528.177 cm /Im1 Do Q EMC EMC /OC /MC25 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 28.515 213.685 317.312 -157.5 re 96.285 473.82 m W* n 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS1 gs q 329.275 0 0 156.303 23.21 56.792 cm /Im2 Do Q EMC EMC /OC /MC27 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 0 841.89 595.276 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 28.3464 39.3149 Tm 0 g 0 Tc .0182 Tw (Figure 7: Recommended stages of O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 149.7009 38.4648 Tm 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 151.7919 39.3149 Tm .0182 Tw [( measurement in the soft drink production process.)]TJ ET EMC EMC /OC /MC29 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 365.9293 522.3084 Tm (Figure 5: OxyQC, CarboQC, and CboxQC.)Tj ET EMC EMC Q endstream endobj 29 0 obj <>/XObject<>/ExtGState<>/Properties<>>> endobj 56 0 obj <>stream /OC /MC31 BDC /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS2 gs BT /F4 1 Tf 10.288 0 0 10.288 39.2754 802.1162 Tm 0 g 0 Tc -.0975 Tw [(Soft Dr)-44.9(inks)]TJ /TT2 1 Tf 9.553 0 0 9.553 89.8438 802.1162 Tm .0278 Tw [( Internationa)]TJ 8.818 0 0 8.818 139.7227 802.1162 Tm [(l )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 8.083 0 0 8.083 156.8437 802.1162 Tm .0202 Tw (October/November 2019)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC33 BDC /Artifact <>BDC 0 .587 .653 rg /GS1 gs 538.582 802.205 28.347 39.835 re f EMC EMC /OC /MC35 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F3 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 543.7603 804.5459 Tm 1 g 0 Tw (75)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC37 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 21.6 0 0 24 443.1678 801.63 Tm 0 .587 .653 rg (OXYGEN)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC39 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F5 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 68.4002 773.1851 Tm 0 g .0202 Tw (The impact of oxygen on cans )Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 39.6847 762.6851 Tm -.0111 Tc .3929 Tw (When in direct contact with amphoteric alu-)Tj 0 -1.2353 TD .1623 Tw (minium metal, a clear relation between air or )Tj T* -.0033 Tw (oxygen dissolved in the beverage and can corro-)Tj T* .0417 Tw (sion can be observed. The extent of the impact of )Tj T* .1367 Tw (oxygen on metal cans was visualised: cans with )Tj T* .0028 Tc .4031 Tw [(intentionally scratched internal coating were)13.9( )]TJ T* -.0111 Tc .0745 Tw (filled with samples of \(i\) low air contents \(2 mL\) )Tj T* -.0314 Tw (and filled with undercover gassing \(blue dots\) and )Tj T* -.026 Tw [(\(ii\) high air contents \(18 mL\) filled without under)36.7(-)]TJ T* .0278 Tw (cover gassing \(red dots\) \(Figure 4\). )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1438 Tw (Held at a constant temperature of 37 C, cans )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0361 Tw (with high air contents displayed visible failures or )Tj T* .0039 Tw [(leakages after 7 days already)74(. After an observation )]TJ T* .2077 Tw (period of 33 days, all cans without undercover )Tj T* .0325 Tw (gasser showed failures, while the cans filled with )Tj T* .0278 Tw (undercover gasser showed no failures at all. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj /F5 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 74.0982 584.1851 Tm .0202 Tw (Anton Paars measurement )Tj .7534 -1.05 TD (solutions for soft drinks )Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 39.6847 563.1851 Tm -.0111 Tc .0776 Tw [(Anton Paar)54.9(s portfolio comprises a variety of dif-)]TJ 0 -1.2353 TD .0672 Tw (ferent instrument versions to fulfil the respective )Tj T* .011 Tw (needs and requirements, be it in the lab or in pro-)Tj T* .0278 Tw (duction. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0165 Tw [(For measurements in the laboratory)74(, the OxyQC )]TJ -1.0588 -1.2353 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 46.203 509.835 Tm (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 48.5189 510.6851 Tm -.0111 Tc .0076 Tw [( meter for beverages \(0 ppm to 4 ppm O)]TJ 4.25 0 0 4.25 199.9587 509.835 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 202.2745 510.6851 Tm -.0111 Tc .0076 Tw (\) or the )Tj -19.1282 -1.2353 TD .021 Tw [(OxyQC W)36.9(ide Range O)]TJ 4.25 0 0 4.25 124.6432 499.335 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 126.9589 500.1851 Tm -.0111 Tc .021 Tw [( meter for beverages \(0.015 )]TJ -10.2676 -1.2353 TD .0448 Tw (ppm to 45 ppm O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 108.7518 488.835 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 111.0676 489.6851 Tm -.0111 Tc .0448 Tw (\), shown in Figure 5, represent )Tj -8.398 -1.2353 TD .0064 Tw (a well-proven option for the determination of dis-)Tj T* .0977 Tw (solved oxygen in the lab as well as at-line while )Tj T* .2056 Tw (CboxQC allows the simultaneous determination )Tj T* .0696 Tw (of CO)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 62.006 446.835 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 64.3218 447.6851 Tm -.0111 Tc .0696 Tw [( and O)]TJ 4.25 0 0 4.25 90.9143 446.835 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 93.2299 447.6851 Tm -.0111 Tc .0696 Tw (. CboxQC is also available as an at-)Tj -6.2994 -1.2353 TD .0278 Tw (line version. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1533 Tw [(T)91.8(o)0( round up Anton Paar)54.9(s portfolio of labora-)]TJ -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .263 Tw (tory oxygen meters for soft drinks, the oxygen )Tj T* .1729 Tw (measuring module Option O2 is designed to be )Tj T* .0573 Tw (used in combination with the Packaged Beverage )Tj T* .0278 Tw (Analyzers for Soft Drinks \(PBA-S/SI/SID\). )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1064 Tw (For continuous monitoring of the oxygen con-)Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0417 Tw (tent during production, the Oxy 510 inline oxygen )Tj T* .0278 Tw (sensor \(Figure 6\) represents a reliable solution. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.041 Tw (Oxygen needs to be avoided all the way through )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1159 Tw [(soft drink production. Thus, it is equally impor)36.8(-)]TJ T* .0542 Tw (tant to measure oxygen inline or in the bypass as )Tj T* -.0295 Tw (well as in the lab in the already packaged product. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0263 Tw (The oxygen result obtained with process instru-)Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0266 Tw (mentation during production and with laboratory )Tj T* .0999 Tw (instruments obtained on packaged products may )Tj T* .1617 Tw (not be the same. There are several explanations )Tj T* -.0246 Tw (for that fact. Due to the low solubility of oxygen in )Tj T* .0111 Tc .4886 Tw [(beverages, the dissolved oxygen content is)22.1( )]TJ T* -.0111 Tc .2221 Tw (expected to be lower in packaged samples, the )Tj T* .384 Tw (remaining oxygen will be found in the head )Tj T* .1028 Tw (space. The warmer the sample, the more oxygen )Tj T* .2317 Tw (will migrate into the head space. Also, oxygen )Tj T* .1765 Tw (may get into the package during the filling and )Tj T* .0278 Tw (closing of the package. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0342 Tw (Several methods to align process and laboratory )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0604 Tw (instruments offer themselves and are found to be )Tj T* .0278 Tw (applied by soft drink manufacturers: )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .2442 Tw (\(1\) When measuring inline, the result of the )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0224 Tw (inline oxygen meter is compared to the total pack-)Tj T* .0456 Tw (age oxygen content of the final and already pack-)Tj T* .0077 Tw (aged product. If required, the inline oxygen meter )Tj T* .0278 Tw (has to be adjusted with a reference gas. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .2502 Tw (\(2\) Another way of aligning lab and process )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .2358 Tw (instrumentation is the adjustment of the inline )Tj T* .1793 Tw (instrument with a laboratory oxygen meter \(e.g. )Tj T* .3251 Tw (OxyQC or CboxQC/At-line\). In this case, it is )Tj T* .102 Tw (required to create different methods for different )Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC41 BDC /Artifact <>BDC 0 .587 .653 RG 1 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [.001 1.9999 ].001 d /GS1 gs 239.557 779.177 m 239.557 36.2 l S 0 .587 .653 rg q 1 0 0 1 239.057 779.185 cm 0 0 m 0 .133 .053 .2601 .147 .3541 c .241 .448 .368 .5001 .5 .5001 c .633 .5001 .76 .448 .854 .3541 c .948 .2601 1 .133 1 0 c 1 -.132 .948 -.2589 .854 -.3528 c .76 -.4471 .633 -.5001 .5 -.5001 c .368 -.5001 .241 -.4471 .147 -.3528 c .053 -.2589 0 -.132 0 0 c f* Q q 1 0 0 1 239.057 35.192 cm 0 0 m 0 .132 .053 .2589 .147 .3529 c .241 .4468 .368 .4999 .5 .4999 c .633 .4999 .76 .4468 .854 .3529 c .948 .2589 1 .132 1 0 c 1 -.1331 .948 -.26 .854 -.354 c .76 -.448 .633 -.5 .5 -.5 c .368 -.5 .241 -.448 .147 -.354 c .053 -.26 0 -.1331 0 0 c f* Q EMC EMC /OC /MC43 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 250.448 779.685 315.481 -229 re 231.874 48.685 m W* n 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS1 gs q 318.316 0 0 225.069 249.448 552.616 cm /Im3 Do Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n 0 .587 .653 RG 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [] 0 d /GS1 gs 249.948 780.185 316.481 -230 re 231.874 48.685 m S EMC EMC /OC /MC46 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 250.509 517.185 315.48 -197.498 re 231.874 48.685 m W* n 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS1 gs q 291.193 0 0 197.023 261.465 318.32 cm /Im4 Do Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n 0 .587 .653 RG 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [] 0 d /GS1 gs 250.009 517.685 316.48 -198.498 re 231.874 48.685 m S EMC EMC /OC /MC49 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 249.5697 532.8101 Tm 0 g 0 Tc .0182 Tw (Figure 1: Change of dissolved O2 in PET bottles over time.)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC51 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 249.5697 301.8113 Tm (Figure 2: Observed changes of O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 358.5822 300.9613 Tm 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 360.6731 301.8113 Tm .0182 Tw [( in unblemished cans, shown in micrograms immediately )]TJ -13.071 -1.2353 TD (after filling and two weeks after filling showed a decrease of O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 459.4194 290.4613 Tm 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 461.5105 291.3113 Tm (.)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC53 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 250.448 275.685 315.481 -218.499 re 463.304 291.311 m W* n 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS1 gs q 319.765 0 0 219.835 248.614 57.457 cm /Im5 Do Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n 0 .587 .653 RG 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [] 0 d /GS1 gs 249.948 276.185 316.481 -219.499 re 463.304 291.311 m S EMC EMC /OC /MC56 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 249.5093 39.3185 Tm 0 g 0 Tc .0182 Tw (Figure 3: Air content and metal pickup after 14 days at 37 C.)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC58 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F7 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 144.8843 39.3674 Tm -.0111 Tc .0278 Tw (Continued on page 77)Tj ET EMC EMC Q endstream endobj 57 0 obj <>/XObject<>/ExtGState<>/Properties<>>> endobj 113 0 obj <>stream /OC /MC60 BDC /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS2 gs BT /F4 1 Tf 10.288 0 0 10.288 39.2754 802.1162 Tm 0 g 0 Tc -.0975 Tw [(Soft Dr)-44.9(inks)]TJ /TT2 1 Tf 9.553 0 0 9.553 89.8438 802.1162 Tm .0278 Tw [( Internationa)]TJ 8.818 0 0 8.818 139.7227 802.1162 Tm [(l )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 8.083 0 0 8.083 156.8437 802.1162 Tm .0202 Tw (October/November 2019)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC62 BDC /Artifact <>BDC 0 .587 .653 rg /GS1 gs 538.582 802.205 28.347 39.835 re f EMC EMC /OC /MC64 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F3 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 543.7603 804.5459 Tm 1 g 0 Tw (77)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC66 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 21.6 0 0 24 303.9059 801.63 Tm 0 .587 .653 rg .0212 Tw (TESTING AND ANALYSIS)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC68 BDC /Artifact <>BDC 0 .587 .653 RG 1 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [.001 2.0038 ].001 d 239.449 779.661 m 239.449 277.708 l S q 1 0 0 1 238.949 779.684 cm 0 0 m 0 .132 .052 .2599 .146 .353 c .24 .447 .367 .4999 .5 .4999 c .632 .4999 .759 .447 .853 .353 c .947 .2599 1 .132 1 0 c 1 -.1331 .947 -.26 .853 -.354 c .759 -.447 .632 -.5 .5 -.5 c .367 -.5 .24 -.447 .146 -.354 c .052 -.26 0 -.1331 0 0 c f* Q q 1 0 0 1 238.949 276.685 cm 0 0 m 0 .1331 .052 .26 .146 .354 c .24 .448 .367 .5 .5 .5 c .632 .5 .759 .448 .853 .354 c .947 .26 1 .1331 1 0 c 1 -.132 .947 -.259 .853 -.353 c .759 -.447 .632 -.4999 .5 -.4999 c .367 -.4999 .24 -.447 .146 -.353 c .052 -.259 0 -.132 0 0 c f* Q EMC EMC /OC /MC70 BDC /Artifact <>BDC [.001 2.0019 ].001 d 449.312 591.664 m 449.312 120.207 l S q 1 0 0 1 448.812 591.685 cm 0 0 m 0 .133 .053 .26 .147 .354 c .241 .4471 .368 .5 .5 .5 c .633 .5 .76 .4471 .854 .354 c .948 .26 1 .133 1 0 c 1 -.132 .948 -.2601 .854 -.353 c .76 -.4471 .633 -.5001 .5 -.5001 c .368 -.5001 .241 -.4471 .147 -.353 c .053 -.2601 0 -.132 0 0 c f* Q q 1 0 0 1 448.812 119.185 cm 0 0 m 0 .1319 .053 .26 .147 .3531 c .241 .4471 .368 .5 .5 .5 c .633 .5 .76 .4471 .854 .3531 c .948 .26 1 .1319 1 0 c 1 -.1329 .948 -.26 .854 -.354 c .76 -.447 .633 -.4999 .5 -.4999 c .368 -.4999 .241 -.447 .147 -.354 c .053 -.26 0 -.1329 0 0 c f* Q EMC EMC /OC /MC72 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 258.4195 585.3611 Tm 0 g -.0111 Tc 0 Tw [()-80.3( pre-filler)54.9(, )-27.8(premix, )]TJ 0 -1.2353 TD [()-80.3( filler)54.9(, )-27.8(and )]TJ T* .0278 Tw [()-80.3( )27.8(seaming / capping. )]TJ T* .0565 Tw (Figure 7 marks the stages of soft drink produc-)Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1001 Tw (tion with a red circle where the measurement of )Tj T* .1206 Tw (oxygen should be carried out to help ensure the )Tj T* .0278 Tw (quality and shelf life of the final product. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0167 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj /F5 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 279.8711 501.3611 Tm 0 Tc .0202 Tw (How to avoid oxygen ingress )Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 249.4195 490.8611 Tm -.0111 Tc .0843 Tw [(Based on the possible sources of ingress, consid)36.8(-)]TJ T* -.007 Tw (erations of how to eliminate high oxygen levels in )Tj T* .0278 Tw (soft drinks suggest themselves. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD (The recommendations to avoid oxygen include )Tj T* .1391 Tw [()-80.3( )139.1(ensuring a smart design of the filling line )]TJ -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0278 Tw (piping system, tanks, agitators, pumps, )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD [()-80.3( )27.8(de-aerating process water)54.9(, )]TJ T* [()-80.3( )27.8(purging the storage tanks, )]TJ T* [()-80.3( )27.8(de-aerating at premix, )]TJ T* [()-80.3( )27.8(accurately adjusting the filler)54.9(, and )]TJ T* .0699 Tw [()-80.3( )69.9(sufficiently adjusting the undercover gassing )]TJ -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1835 Tw (in the seamer to ensure inertisation of the con-)Tj T* .0278 Tw [(tainer)54.9(s head space. )]TJ 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .1523 Tw (A good product starts with the very first pro-)Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0278 Tw (duction step! )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0038 Tc .4021 Tw [(T)91.7(o)0( ensure optimum end products, oxygen)14.8( )]TJ -1.0588 -1.2353 TD -.0111 Tc -.0415 Tw (ingress has to be minimised from the beginning all )Tj T* -.0075 Tw (through the production process. This makes mon-)Tj T* .2173 Tw (itoring the soft drink production from the very )Tj T* .0352 Tw (beginning at every single production step equally )Tj T* .0451 Tw [(important. )]TJ ET /GS1 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 8.67 0 0 8.5 432.7316 280.8611 Tm .188 0 .408 rg 0 Tc 0 Tw (n)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC74 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 39.8676 469.8611 Tm 0 g -.0111 Tc .2963 Tw (package sizes and/or types because their head )Tj T* .2456 Tw [(space to liquid ratio may differ)54.9(, for example a )]TJ T* .0232 Tw (method for 0.5 L PET bottles and another method )Tj T* .0278 Tw (for 0.33 L cans. )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0377 Tw (\(3\) A third way is to connect a CboxQC At-line )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0095 Tw (or OxyQC to the line and compare the readings to )Tj T* .0278 Tw [(the readings on the inline oxygen meter)54.9(. )]TJ 1.0588 -1.2353 TD .2029 Tw (What remains is the question: what does the )Tj -1.0588 -1.2353 TD .0331 Tw (reading on the inline meter have to be in order to )Tj T* .1267 Tw (avoid going over the maximum allowed level in )Tj T* .0056 Tc .4003 Tw [(the already packaged product? The possible)16.9( )]TJ T* -.0111 Tc .0278 Tw (sources have to be identified and avoided! )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj /F5 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 57.6593 333.3611 Tm .0202 Tw (Possible sources of oxygen ingress )Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 39.8676 322.8611 Tm -.0111 Tc .0387 Tw (The main sources of oxygen ingress in the course )Tj T* .0278 Tw (of a soft drink production process are found in )Tj 1.0588 -1.2353 TD [()-80.3( )27.8(raw material delivery)74(, )]TJ T* 0 Tw [()-80.3( process )-27.8(water)54.9(, )]TJ T* [()-80.3( tanks, )]TJ ET EMC EMC /OC /MC76 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F1 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 459.0549 218.3108 Tm 0 Tc .0182 Tw (Georg Janen, Manager )Tj T* (Packaging Technology )Tj T* (Laboratory; Ardagh Group. )Tj T* (Bonn, Germany. )Tj ET /GS1 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 459.0549 176.3108 Tm .36 .471 .63 rg 0 Tw (www.ardaghgroup.com)Tj ET /GS2 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 541.131 176.3108 Tm 0 g ( )Tj -9.656 -1.2353 TD ( )Tj T* .0182 Tw (Dr. Karin Biebernik, Application )Tj T* (Development, Anton Paar )Tj T* (GmbH, Graz, Austria. )Tj ET /GS1 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 459.0549 123.8108 Tm .36 .471 .63 rg 0 Tw (www.anton-paar.com)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC78 BDC /Artifact <>BDC .977 1 .766 rg 39.868 119.686 399.656 146.999 re f EMC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F8 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 45.8676 254.06 Tm 0 g (References:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.742 0 TD ( )Tj -4.742 -1.2353 TD .0182 Tw ([1] Dagmar Oertel, Thomas Petermann, Constanze Scherz; Technologische Trends bei Getrnkeverpackungen und )Tj T* (ihre Relevanz fr Ressourcenschonung und Kreislaufwirtschaft, TAB Bro fr Technikfolgen-Abschtzung beim )Tj T* (Deutschen Bundestag, Hintergrundpapier Nr. 9 )Tj T* (O:\\Org\\BM\\LDC\\3 Abteilungen\\PC\\Applications\\In Bearbeitung\\Publication The importance of oxygen )Tj T* (measurement in soft drinks\\TAB-Hintergrundpapier-hp009.pdf )Tj T* 0 Tw ([2] )Tj ET /GS1 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 56.5793 191.06 Tm .36 .471 .63 rg (https://www.petpower.eu/en/products-materials/barrier-additives/)Tj ET /GS2 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 284.0648 191.06 Tm 0 g ( )Tj -28.0232 -1.2353 TD ([3] )Tj ET /GS1 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 56.5793 180.56 Tm .36 .471 .63 rg (https://www.presens.de/knowledge/basics/detail/oxygen-permeation-measurement-in-pet-bottles-1138.html)Tj ET /GS2 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 428.3183 180.56 Tm 0 g ( )Tj -44.9942 -1.2353 TD .0182 Tw ([4] Rudolf Heiss, Karl Eichner; Haltbarmachen von Lebensmitteln 4. Auflage Springer 2002 )Tj ET /GS1 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 45.8676 159.56 Tm .36 .471 .63 rg 0 Tw (https://books.google.at/books?id=KHB6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=sauerstoff+glasflaschen+kronkork)Tj T* (en&source=bl&ots=7wPfX0wm9M&sig=ACfU3U3sUR0hv2lQbK6GqGqVyrrdQloh4g&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj)Tj T* (yqvbTnKDiAhXGs4sKHZwNAGsQ6AEwCHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=sauerstoff%20glasflaschen%20kronkorken&)Tj T* (f=false)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC81 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 250.448 779.689 315.481 -155.504 re 69.149 128.06 m W* n 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS1 gs q 317.738 0 0 154.895 249.448 620.794 cm /Im6 Do Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n 0 .587 .653 RG 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [] 0 d /GS1 gs 249.948 780.189 316.481 -156.504 re 69.149 128.06 m S EMC EMC /OC /MC84 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 249.2912 606.3102 Tm 0 g 0 Tc .0182 Tw (Figure 4: Failure rate in correlation to dissolved air content.)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC86 BDC /Artifact <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /F5 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 532.3328 584.1853 Tm .188 0 .408 rg 0 Tw (OXYGEN )Tj -7.6048 -1.05 TD .0202 Tw ( continued from page 75)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC88 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 39.685 780.685 189.921 -262.498 re 566.884 573.685 m W* n 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS1 gs q 189.979 0 0 284.357 39.684 496.828 cm /Im7 Do Q EMC EMC /OC /MC90 BDC /Artifact <>BDC Q q 1 i 0 841.89 595.275 -841.89 re 297.6 421.08 m W n 0 842.04 595.2 -841.92 re W n /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 40.0506 501.3101 Tm 0 g 0 Tc .0182 Tw (Figure 6: Oxy 510 inline oxygen sensor O)Tj 4.25 0 0 4.25 176.1307 500.46 Tm 0 Tw (2)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 178.2217 501.3101 Tm .0182 Tw [( measurement )]TJ -16.2554 -1.2353 TD (in the lab and during production.)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC92 BDC /Artifact <>BDC 0 .587 .653 RG 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M [] 0 d /GS1 gs q 1 0 0 1 39.868 109.185 cm 0 0 m 527.132 0 l S Q EMC EMC /OC /MC94 BDC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F6 1 Tf 15 0 0 15 459.212 475.4351 Tm .188 0 .408 rg .0212 Tw (Oxygen needs )Tj 0 -1.2667 TD (to be avoided )Tj T* (all the way )Tj T* (through soft )Tj T* 0 Tw (drink )Tj T* (production.)Tj ET EMC EMC /OC /MC96 BDC /Artifact <>BDC .6 .835 .861 rg q 1 0 0 1 39.93 99.248 cm 0 0 m 528.101 -.1584 l 528.082 -63.017 l -.0189 -62.859 l h f* Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC BT /F9 1 Tf 15 -.0045 .0045 15 97.8214 74.1761 Tm 1 g .0184 Tw (To discuss advertising opportunities in Soft Drinks International)Tj 12 -.0036 .0036 12 510.1235 74.0525 Tm 0 Tw ( )Tj -17.1793 -.5833 TD ( )Tj -15.004 -1.1667 TD (email: )Tj 10.8 -.0032 .0036 12 158.4682 53.1579 Tm .0184 Tw [(advertising@softdrinksinternational.com or call +44 \(0\)1202 842222)]TJ ET EMC EMC Q endstream endobj 114 0 obj <>/XObject<>/ExtGState<>/Properties<>>> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 37 0 obj <>stream Adobe d #"""#'''''''''' !! !!'''''''''' " s !1AQa"q2B#R3b$r%C4Scs5D'6Tdt& EFVU(eufv7GWgw8HXhx)9IYiy*:JZjz m !1AQa"q2#BRbr3$4CS%cs5DT &6E'dtU7()euFVfvGWgw8HXhx9IYiy*:JZjz ? ydٲ銵.Z͗Lbscf*51LUvjbse6*lثYL ٳb: S6:]1[LYL8㊩51N9tLSn83SYLbr3c*51ʦ*LUwwP.X\UO_P&;4\sqłeJ/./ƖrO7sq3pƖsqf-8epƕ7_n)Pr\1C8epJ+/+42`8Ep